Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Developing New Quality Productive Forces

Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Developing New Quality Productive Forces

Developing new quality productive forces is an intrinsic requirement and an important focus for promoting high-quality development. To accelerate the development of new quality productive forces, the following opinions are hereby put forward.

I. General Requirements

We must adhere to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as our guide, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Party and all its plenary sessions, earnestly implement the arrangements of the Fourth Plenary Session, fully, accurately and comprehensively implement the new development philosophy, uphold innovation as the lead, reform as the key, adaptation to local conditions, and establishing the new before abolishing the old, uphold high technology, high efficiency and high quality, properly handle the relationships between the government and the market, between qualitative state and business forms, between reform and development, and between self-reliance and opening up, coordinate development and security, take scientific and technological innovation as the guide, take the substantial increase in total factor productivity as the core hallmark, promote revolutionary breakthroughs in technology, innovative allocation of production factors, and deep transformation and upgrading of industries, promote the optimized combination and renewal of workers, means of labor and objects of labor, advance scientific and technological innovation, industrial innovation, innovation in development models, institutional and mechanism innovation, and innovation in talent work mechanisms in an all-round way, accelerate the formation of production relations more compatible with new quality productive forces, create a sound development ecosystem conducive to the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, and better support high-quality development.

II. Vigorously Advancing Scientific and Technological Innovation

(1) Strengthening original and disruptive scientific and technological innovation. We must adhere to facing the global frontiers of science and technology, facing the main economic battlefield, facing major national needs, and facing people's life and health, and organize major scientific and technological projects focusing on strategic, landmark and leading products. We must uphold equal emphasis on goal orientation and free exploration, solve weak problems in technical sciences and engineering sciences through organized basic research and applied basic research, and support free exploratory basic research in pioneering innovation. We must coordinate the construction of scientific and technological innovation platforms and bases, systematically plan and build major scientific and technological infrastructure, strengthen openness and sharing, and avoid duplication and dispersion. We must implement breakthrough plans for basic disciplines and interdisciplinary fields. We must strengthen original theoretical research and innovation in key generic technologies, frontier leading technologies, modern engineering technologies and disruptive technologies.

(2) Accelerating breakthroughs in key core technologies. We must give play to the advantages of the new nationwide system, organize and implement high-quality development actions for key manufacturing industry chains and industrial innovation projects in key fields, and strengthen whole-chain tackling, all-factor support and whole-ecosystem construction. We must implement policies for the application of first sets and first batches, and promote iterative upgrading of technologies.

(3) Coordinating the building of national strategic scientific and technological strength. We must give play to the role of national laboratories in organizing major national scientific and technological projects and building major national innovation platforms, and take the lead in institutional and mechanism reform. Guided by national strategic needs, we must optimize the positioning and layout of national research institutions, high-level research universities and leading science and technology enterprises. We must gradually establish a remuneration system for institutions of higher learning and research institutes that stimulates innovation vitality, is oriented to knowledge value, has standardized and effective management, and balances guarantees and incentives, simultaneously advance the reform of national research institutions and high-level research universities, and mobilize the enthusiasm of research institutions and researchers. We must allow research-type public institutions to implement more flexible management systems. We must fully give play to the key role of leading science and technology enterprises in promoting the deep integration of the innovation chain, industrial chain, capital chain and talent chain.

(4) Strengthening the principal position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation. We must strengthen the supply of inclusive incentive policies, establish a corporate R&D reserve fund system, and strengthen the leading role of enterprises in scientific and technological investment. We must encourage small and medium-sized technology-based enterprises to increase R&D investment and raise the proportion of additional deduction for enterprise R&D expenses. We must upgrade enterprise R&D projects that meet national strategic needs into national projects according to procedures, encourage enterprises to lead national scientific and technological tasks, and support capable private enterprises in leading major national technological tackling tasks. We must establish a mechanism for users to assess and evaluate results, and strengthen the principal position of enterprises in transforming results. We must improve institutional arrangements for state-owned enterprises to advance original innovation. We must support the development of specialized, refined, distinctive and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises.

(5) Accelerating the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real productive forces. We must make good use of the advantage of the super-large-scale market, promote efficient alignment between technology and the market, and promote the scaled development of new quality productive forces. We must implement large-scale application demonstration actions for new technologies, new products and new scenarios. We must plan and build proof-of-concept and pilot testing platforms, and increase the construction and opening of application scenarios. We must explore the establishment of a whole-process evaluation mechanism for scientific and technological projects, deploy R&D and transformation tasks in an integrated manner at project initiation, assess application performance at acceptance, and solve the disconnect between technology development and achievement transformation. We must guide institutions of higher learning and research institutes to license scientific and technological achievements to small, medium and micro enterprises for use according to the pay-after-use method. We must promote large enterprises to open their supply chains to small, medium and micro enterprises, and support small, medium and micro enterprises in becoming an important force in the industrialization of achievements. We must use artificial intelligence to lead the transformation of scientific research paradigms and help improve scientific research efficiency.

III. Promoting the Deep Integration of Scientific and Technological Innovation and Industrial Innovation

(6) Transforming and upgrading traditional industries. We must firmly safeguard the foundation of the real economy and consolidate and expand the hard strength of Made in China. We must use the improvement of national standards to lead the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries, and support enterprises in using digital and intelligent technologies and green technologies to transform and upgrade traditional industries. We must organize and implement actions to improve the quality and upgrade key industries, and consolidate and enhance the position and competitiveness of mining, metallurgy, chemicals, light industry, textiles, machinery, shipbuilding, construction and other industries in the global industrial division of labor. We must carry out industrial foundation reconstruction projects, major technical equipment tackling projects, major technological transformation and upgrading projects in manufacturing, and large-scale equipment renewal projects. We must strengthen financial support for technological transformation of manufacturing enterprises, implement tax preferential policies related to technological transformation investment, promote the digital and intelligent transformation of manufacturing, and develop smart manufacturing, green manufacturing and service-oriented manufacturing. We must strengthen the basic capacity of quality and technology and strengthen brand building. We must deeply implement the new round of the action to increase grain production capacity by 100 billion jin, the seed industry revitalization action, the smart agriculture action, the high-quality development action for agricultural machinery and equipment, the modernization improvement action for facility agriculture, and the construction project for scientific and technological innovation conditions in agriculture, and develop new forms such as agricultural factories. We must implement actions to expand capacity and improve quality in the service industry, advance producer services by field toward specialization and the high end of the value chain, and promote the high-quality, diversified and convenient development of consumer services.

(7) Cultivating and strengthening emerging industries. We must strive to build emerging pillar industries. We must accelerate the development of strategic emerging industries such as the new generation of information technology, new energy, new materials, intelligent connected new energy vehicles, robots, biomedicine, high-end equipment, and aerospace, build strategic emerging industrial clusters with distinctive features and complementary advantages in light of local conditions, and promote the concentration of resources, concentration of entities, integration of achievements, and division of labor and cooperation. We must deepen professional division of labor within industries and within products, promote cross-industry and cross-regional integration, and avoid "involution-style" competition. We must establish a cross-regional industrial cooperation mechanism led by industrial chains and with enterprises as the main body, and support the eastern region in driving the central and western regions and the northeast region to develop emerging industries in light of local conditions. On the premise of ensuring security, we must promote the healthy and orderly development of the low-altitude economy and commercial aerospace.

(8) Making forward-looking arrangements for future industries. We must explore diverse technological routes, typical application scenarios, feasible business models and market regulatory rules, promote the development of future industries such as quantum technology, biomanufacturing, hydrogen energy and fusion energy, brain-computer interfaces, embodied intelligence, and the sixth generation of mobile communications, and accelerate the formation of a relatively complete industrial ecosystem. We must establish a mechanism for investment growth and risk sharing in future industries, make full use of existing fiscal policies to support the development of future industries, and guide social capital to continuously increase investment.

(9) Promoting the deep integration of the real economy and the digital economy. We must improve the systems for determining data property rights ownership, market transactions, rights and interests distribution, and interest protection, implement pilot and demonstration projects related to data elements, and fully unleash the potential of data elements. We must optimize the layout, construction and operation of national data infrastructure, deeply carry out actions for the digital transformation of manufacturing, implement projects such as "channeling computing resources from the east to the west," smart manufacturing, and innovative development of the industrial internet, and build a national integrated computing network and a national blockchain network. We must improve the policy system for promoting digital industrialization and industrial digitalization, and build digital industrial clusters with international competitiveness.

(10) Fully implementing the "Artificial Intelligence Plus" action. We must advance the transformation of traditional industries by artificial intelligence and accelerate the application of new-generation intelligent terminal scenarios such as intelligent connected new energy vehicles, artificial intelligence mobile phones and computers, and humanoid robots. We must accelerate innovation in artificial intelligence and other digital and intelligent technologies, make breakthroughs in basic theories and core technologies, and strengthen the efficient supply of computing power, algorithms and data. We must lay out national artificial intelligence industry application pilot bases and high-value application scenarios in light of local conditions and by industry, and vigorously promote the application of artificial intelligence in all industries. We must build systems for technology monitoring, risk early warning and emergency response to ensure that artificial intelligence is safe, reliable and controllable.

IV. Striving to Advance Innovation in Development Models

(11) Building an economic system for green, low-carbon and circular development. We must strengthen green manufacturing, develop green services, and expand the green energy industry. We must adhere to combining source reduction, process control and efficient end-of-pipe treatment, coordinate the green transformation of key industries, and accelerate green scientific and technological innovation and the promotion and application of advanced green technologies. We must improve incentive mechanisms for green consumption, strengthen the construction of green product certification and labeling systems, raise the level of green consumption, and use green consumption to drive the supply of green products. We must build a number of zero-carbon factories and parks. We must improve the system for total resource management and comprehensive conservation, and improve the waste recycling system.

(12) Optimizing the toolbox of green development policies. We must implement fiscal, tax, financial, investment, pricing, scientific and technological, and environmental protection policies that promote green and low-carbon development. We must improve the mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products, fully implement the dual control system for total carbon emissions and intensity, and improve the carbon emission statistics and accounting system, the standards and measurement system, the product carbon labeling certification system, and the product carbon footprint management system. We must improve the carbon pricing mechanism with the national carbon market as the main body, expand the coverage of the national carbon emission rights trading market, optimize the carbon emission allowance allocation plan, accelerate the construction of the greenhouse gas voluntary emission reduction trading market, and improve the national unified green certificate market. We must promote financial institutions in providing diversified green financial products. We must optimize government green procurement policies and improve the green tax system. We must implement a green ecology-oriented agricultural subsidy system.

(13) Actively advancing the energy revolution. Focusing on the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, we must develop advanced nuclear fission energy in an orderly manner, build a high-proportion renewable energy power system, improve policies and measures for the consumption and regulation of new energy, organize demonstrations and promotion of major application scenarios, accelerate the greening of energy use in production and daily life across society, promote the revolution in energy consumption, supply, technology and systems, and strengthen international cooperation in all respects.

V. Solidly Advancing Institutional and Mechanism Innovation

(14) Deepening reform by focusing on the close integration of science and technology with the economy. We must deploy scientific and technological tasks as needed in major national engineering projects, and improve the demand-oriented topic selection system, the management system with consistent responsibilities, rights and interests, and the application-oriented evaluation system. We must deepen the reform of empowering scientific and technological achievements made in the course of duty and separate management of assets. We must allow eligible state-owned enterprises to carry out various forms of incentives. We must build an open, shared and secure national integrated data market, improve the technology market with efficient transformation, and promote the efficient concentration and smooth flow of various advanced and high-quality production factors.

(15) Improving the market supervision system. We must improve the market access system and strengthen anti-monopoly and anti-unfair competition. We must strengthen governance in fields such as artificial intelligence and biology. We must strengthen cross-departmental joint supervision, innovate supervision methods, reduce the number of on-site inspections, explore a supervision model of "using data for decision-making and using data for management," and improve the intelligent level of cross-departmental comprehensive supervision. We must establish an efficient comprehensive intellectual property management system and improve the punitive damages system. We must study tax systems compatible with new business forms.

(16) Increasing the supply of innovative financial products. We must encourage and regulate the development of angel investment, venture capital and private equity investment, better give play to the guiding and driving role of government investment funds, improve support policies for long-term capital to invest early, in small enterprises, for the long term and in hard technology, and expand patient capital. We must encourage banks to develop loan products that conform to the characteristics of new quality productive forces. We must enrich the system of science and technology innovation bond products, support high-quality technology-based enterprises in listing and financing, and optimize systems for mergers and acquisitions, restructuring and equity incentives of technology-based enterprises. We must develop insurance products covering the entire chain of scientific and technological innovation and explore businesses such as technology leasing.

(17) Allocating advanced production factors globally. We must expand high-level opening up and open up and make good use of the global market. We must encourage pilot free trade zones to gather advanced production factors at home and abroad in light of their locational characteristics, resource endowments and industrial advantages. We must give play to the role of various multilateral and bilateral cooperation mechanisms, promote platforms such as jointly built science and technology parks, "Belt and Road" joint laboratories, and international advanced technology application promotion centers, and proactively build a global innovation cooperation network. We must lead the implementation of and actively participate in international big science programs and big science projects. We must encourage foreign venture capital institutions, international standards organizations and others to develop in China. We must establish an efficient, convenient and secure mechanism for cross-border data flow.

VI. Deepening Innovation in Talent Work Mechanisms

(18) Cultivating talent urgently needed for the development of new quality productive forces. We must coordinate the integrated reform of the systems and mechanisms for education, science and technology, and talent. We must promote the improvement of quality and expansion of higher education, develop new research-oriented universities, and optimize the mechanism for adjusting the disciplines and majors of institutions of higher learning according to industrial and scientific and technological development trends. We must promote the high-quality development of modern vocational education and comprehensively advance the work-study integrated skilled talent training model. We must persist in bringing up talent through practice. We must encourage enterprises and institutions of higher learning to jointly cultivate talent in a customized manner, and support master craftsmen and highly skilled talent in concurrently serving as internship and practical training teachers in vocational schools. We must fully give play to the important role of science and technology popularization in improving the quality of workers.

(19) Improving policies for the use and flow of talent. We must implement tax preferential policies, improve the lifelong vocational skills training system, implement the manufacturing talent support plan and the knowledge renewal project for professional and technical talent, and support employers in cultivating talent. We must accelerate the appropriate decoupling of the assessment, evaluation and incentives of researchers from applying for projects, publishing papers, and evaluating awards, and prevent simply setting salaries, professional titles and benefits according to talent "labels." We must accelerate the removal of various hidden barriers and smooth the channels for talent exchange among institutions of higher learning, research institutes and enterprises. We must improve the "new eight-grade worker" vocational skill level system and smooth the upward development channel for industrial workers.

VII. Strengthening Organization and Implementation

All regions and relevant departments must, under the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, strengthen the thinking of the whole country as one chessboard, adhere to adapting to local conditions, strengthen classified guidance and coordination in key fields, and optimize the layout of major productive forces. We must adhere to establishing the new before abolishing the old and seeking progress while maintaining stability, and must not divorce the real from the virtual, seek grandeur and completeness, or create bubbles, must not allow industrial hollowing out or industrial fault phenomena, and must not blindly pursue novelty and attend to one thing while losing another. Leading cadres at all levels must establish and practice a correct view of political achievements, explore development paths in light of actual conditions, and strictly prohibit the illegal abuse of policies in the name of developing new quality productive forces; those who cause major losses through rushing headlong into action or blind investment must be seriously held accountable. We must strengthen departmental coordination and cooperation to form a work synergy. The Office of the Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission and the National Development and Reform Commission must coordinate theoretical research, strategic planning, cross-regional and cross-departmental coordination, and follow-up monitoring and evaluation. We must promptly summarize experience and practices, strengthen publicity and promotion, and create a good atmosphere. Major matters must be promptly reported to the Party Central Committee and the State Council for instructions in accordance with procedures.